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March 2, 2012

EPA Announces TSCA Work Plan Chemicals

Bergeson & Campbell, P.C.

On March 1, 2012, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) announced a work plan of 83 chemicals for further review under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). EPA identified seven chemicals for risk assessment in 2012, and intends to complete some of these assessments this year and initiate new assessments from the work plan in the coming years. EPA stated that, this Spring, it plans to identify specific chemicals for risk assessment in 2013 and 2014. More information on the TSCA Work Plan Chemicals is available online. The announcement also briefly discusses OPPT’s efforts to “build the pipeline of future assessment” and its continuing efforts to increase public access to chemical data and information.

Chemicals Selected for Risk Assessment in 2012

The seven chemicals currently being assessed are:

  • Antimony and Antimony Compounds;
     
  • HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8,-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran);
     
  • Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins;
     
  • Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins;
     
  • Methylene Chloride;
     
  • N-Methylpyrrolidone; and
     
  • Trichloroethylene.

In conducting risk assessments on these chemicals, EPA will use information available through the data sources cited in the TSCA Work Plan Chemicals Methods Document, as well as other sources. EPA states that it “would welcome the submission of additional relevant information on these chemicals, such as unpublished studies not already available through the existing literature.” To meet EPA’s schedule for the completion of risk assessments in 2012, any relevant information should be submitted by March 30, 2012.

According to EPA, it “anticipates” issuing draft risk assessments for public review and comment as they are completed. If an assessment indicates significant risk, EPA states that it will evaluate and pursue appropriate risk reduction actions, as warranted. If an assessment indicates no significant risk, EPA will conclude its current work on that chemical. Over time, EPA will add additional chemicals to the work plan as more data are developed and more chemicals screened.

How Did EPA Select the TSCA Work Plan Chemicals?

In September 2011, EPA announced a new approach for identifying priority chemicals for review and assessment under TSCA. EPA conducted an online discussion forum and webinar to gather stakeholder input on proposed criteria and data sources to be used for identifying chemicals for further assessment. More information is available in our September 8, 2011, memorandum, which is available online.

According to EPA, Step 1 of the process it adopted emphasized focusing on chemicals meeting one or more of the following factors:

  • Potentially of concern to children’s health;
     
  • Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT);
     
  • Probable or known carcinogens;
     
  • Used in children’s products;
     
  • Detected in biomonitoring programs, or, a newly added factor; and
     
  • Neurotoxic effects.

EPA also made adjustments to the second stage of its process and developed a hazard, exposure, and persistence/bioaccumulation ranking system to score and screen the chemicals into four priority bins (high, moderate, low, or chemicals that could not be scored but may be candidates for information gathering). An outline of the scoring and screening system can be found in the TSCA Work Plan Chemicals document at the link above.

Using this process, EPA identified 83 chemicals as candidates for risk assessment in the next several years, as they all scored high in this screening process based on their combined hazard, exposure, and persistence and bioaccumulation characteristics. In identifying a smaller set of chemicals for work in any given year, EPA states that it considers a number of factors:

  • Whether the chemical was identified as a “High” ranking chemical;
     
  • Whether the chemical reflects more than one of the factors identified in Step 1 (for example, chemicals that were identified as a potential concern for children’s health and also were persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic) and whether each of the factors was covered by the set of chemicals;
     
  • Whether certain chemicals, or groups of chemicals, would benefit from some preliminary work to assure that risk assessments are targeted and scoped appropriately, and therefore would best be addressed in an out year;
     
  • Whether certain chemicals, or groups of chemicals, have previously been assessed and addressed by EPA, so that risk assessment in later years may be more appropriate than in the earlier years of the work plan; and
     
  • EPA work load considerations, including scope and timing of work needed on specific chemicals, and existing commitments for assessment.

Commentary

EPA’s messaging about this announcement indicates that this is less of a “new initiative” than a continuation of past efforts to create a template and set of operating procedures for OPPT to better develop the capability to conduct routinely risk assessments. This skill set and operating procedures will be crucial for any hope of success for the program as it attempts to develop risk assessments on potentially tens of chemicals over the near future either as part of a new legislative mandate or as a continuation of Obama Administration priorities.

It will be interesting to see how well the new risk assessment initiative fares. While EPA is to be lauded for its continued attempts to use its existing authority even as it talks about the need for a new statutory approach, OPPT has had a long history of efforts and initiatives to invigorate or reinvigorate its existing chemical efforts. Old TSCA hands will remember the “15 Chemicals” effort, the Risk Management Program (RM1 and RM2 assessments), the High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program, Chemically Safer America, the Chemical Assessment and Management Program (ChAMP), and the enhanced chemicals management program. The long history of attempts to create organizing principles and purpose for the existing chemicals program points to the difficulties inherent in giving direction to a program when the statute offers little help or guidance. While all stakeholders should support EPA in its efforts to make progress in this long-standing difficult area, time will tell if the latest initiative can achieve success and have staying power. At a minimum, the second of these seems essential to any hope of achieving the first.

One new variable is the presence of Acting Assistant Administrator Jim Jones, whose experience as Office Director of EPA’s pesticide program may help reinvigorate efforts to provide any needed staying power behind the new initiative. The pesticide program, after decades of similarly frustrating development of a routine risk assessment process, did generally manage to conduct hundreds of rather sophisticated risk assessments as part of its ongoing mandate under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) for the review of older pesticides.

This of course raises the issue of how similar pesticide risk assessments can or should be when compared to industrial chemical assessments, especially since pesticide assessments are driven by a powerful data generation authority given EPA in FIFRA, compared to the much more limited authority and available data under EPA’s current TSCA program (especially regarding refined exposure information, available for pesticides and much less so for TSCA chemicals).