Final List of High-Priority Chemicals Will Be Next to Undergo Risk Evaluation under TSCA
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published on December 20, 2019, the final list of high-priority chemicals. These chemicals will be the next 20 chemicals to undergo risk evaluation under the amended Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). According to EPA, issuing the final list of high-priority chemicals for risk evaluation “represents the final step in the prioritization process outlined in TSCA and marks another major TSCA milestone for EPA in its efforts to ensure the safety of existing chemicals in the marketplace.” The 20 chemicals consist of seven chlorinated solvents, six phthalates, four flame retardants, formaldehyde, a fragrance additive, and a polymer precursor. EPA states that “[i]t is important to note that being designated as a high-priority chemical does not mean that a chemical is high risk.”
EPA released in March 2019 a list of 40 chemicals for which it initiated the prioritization process for risk evaluation. EPA selected 20 chemical substances as candidates for designation as high-priority substances, proposed in August 2019 to designate them as high-priority substances, and has now designated these same 20 chemical substances as high-priority:
Chemical Name | Docket Number |
p-Dichlorobenzene | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0446 |
1,2-Dichloroethane | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0427 |
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0465 |
o-Dichlorobenzene | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0444 |
1,1,2-Trichloroethane | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0421 |
1,2-Dichloropropane | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0428 |
1,1-Dichloroethane | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0426 |
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2- dibutyl ester) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0503 |
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1-butyl 2-(phenylmethyl) ester) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0501 |
Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0433 |
Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis-(2-methylpropyl) ester) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0434 |
Dicyclohexyl phthalate | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0504 |
4,4′-(1-Methylethylidene)bis[2,6-dibromophenol] (TBBPA) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0462 |
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0476 |
Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester (TPP) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0458 |
Ethylene dibromide | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0488 |
1,3-Butadiene | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0451 |
1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta [g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0430 |
Formaldehyde | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0438 |
Phthalic anhydride | EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0459 |
More information on the proposed designations is available in our August 26, 2019, memorandum, “EPA Proposes to Designate 20 Chemical Substances as High-Priority Substances for Risk Evaluation under TSCA.”
Next Steps
EPA’s process for risk evaluation outlines the next steps for these chemicals, beginning with taking public comment on scoping documents for each of these 20 chemicals. By June 2020, EPA intends to issue final scoping documents that will include the hazards, exposures, conditions of use, and the potentially exposed or susceptible subpopulations that EPA expects to consider during each chemical’s risk evaluation. EPA will also take public comments on the draft risk evaluations for these chemicals and prepare final risk evaluations after considering the public input received.
According to EPA, it is still “carefully reviewing” public comments submitted on the 20 low-priority chemicals proposed in August 2019. EPA plans to publish the final list of low-priority chemicals in early 2020. Additionally, EPA states that it “will soon release and take public comments on a draft list of manufacturers and importers of these chemicals to help determine the appropriate division of fees as required under the TSCA fees rule.”
Commentary
There was never any real doubt whether EPA would timely designate the 20 high-priority candidates at the end of the prioritization process. In its response to comments, EPA states that many of the comments related to the prioritization process or generally related to EPA’s review of existing chemicals under Section 6. EPA states that it received some comments on specific substances, on which submitters provided relevant studies or information related to conditions of use. EPA stated that it would incorporate such information into its risk evaluation for each substance.
One commenter suggested that EPA designate mercury as a high-priority substance. EPA responded, stating that “Mercury and mercury compounds were not included in the 2014 Update to the TSCA Work Plan because, as stated in the 2014 Work Plan Update document, their hazards are already well characterized and the Agency has a strong risk reduction effort in place.” We add that information required by the Mercury Inventory of the Toxic Substances Control Act established in 2018 will further inform EPA’s view on whether additional risk reduction effort is necessary. For the majority of the handful of comments on specific substances, EPA states that it had considered that information already in the proposed designation documents.
Although it is not surprising that the 20 high-priority candidates were designated as such, B&C remains concerned about the consequences of a determination that EPA failed to support any of the 20 low-priority candidates. If EPA does not have sufficient information to determine that any of the 20 low-priority candidates do not meet the high-priority definition, EPA will be forced to designate any such substance as high priority and will be faced with performing risk evaluations on more than 30 substances (the first ten and the 20 high-priority substances designated in today’s action) that EPA had planned to review. This workload could pose significant additional burden on EPA, which is already stretched quite thin. EPA has undoubtedly considered this potential outcome in selecting the low-priority candidates. Until EPA has made and successfully defended a low-priority candidate chemical, however, it is difficult to be truly confident of the outcome of a low-priority designation.