Archives

January 6, 2025

2025 Forecast for U.S. Federal and International Chemical Regulatory Policy

Bergeson & Campbell, P.C. (B&C®), its global consulting affiliate The Acta Group (Acta®), and consortia management affiliate B&C® Consortia Management, L.L.C. (BCCM) are pleased to share with you our 2025 Forecast. For all the reasons you might imagine, our seasoned team was especially challenged this year in speculating on what to expect in 2025 regarding global industrial, agricultural, and biocidal chemical regulatory and policy initiatives. Given the European Parliamentary...
October 31, 2024

A Conversation with Deputy Commissioner Jim Jones

This week I had the pleasure of speaking with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Deputy Commissioner for Human Foods, Jim Jones, about all the amazing initiatives Jim is overseeing as the first FDA Deputy Commissioner for Human Foods. Many of us in the chemical community know Jim and his extraordinary career at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) leading both the EPA pesticides and toxics program offices, culminating his EPA career as Assistant Administrator for...
August 27, 2024

PCRM NURA Program Will Hold Webinar Series on Human-Based Methods in FDA Submissions

The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) New Approach Methodologies (NAM) Use for Regulatory Application (NURA) program will hold a series of webinars on human-based methods in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) submissions. PCRM notes that traditionally, submissions have included data from animal studies, but industry has started submitting NAMs. According to PCRM, the use of NAMs in FDA submissions is expected to grow, as many toxicologists seek to use human-based...
August 22, 2024

FDA Posts Discussion Paper on Development of an Enhanced Systematic Process for Its Post-Market Assessment of Chemicals in Food; Comments Due December 6, 2024

As reported in our August 7, 2024, blog item, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced on August 1, 2024, that it will hold a public meeting on September 25, 2024, on the development of an enhanced systematic process for its post-market assessment of chemicals in food. 89 Fed. Reg. 65633. FDA has posted a Discussion Paper Development of an Enhanced Systematic Process for the FDA’s Post-Market Assessment of Chemicals in Food (Discussion Paper)....
July 16, 2024

Lynn L. Bergeson, “Chemicals in Food: FDA Steps Up Post-Market Review,” Chemical Processing, July 16, 2024.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the primary federal agency committed to safe exposure to chemicals in the food supply, has recently stepped up efforts to ensure food safety, especially in the post-market assessment area. Stakeholders in commercial chemical operations and product lines involving chemicals used for or found in the food supply should be prepared for increased inspections and enforcement in this area. Chemicals in Food The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act...
May 16, 2024

EPA, FDA, and USDA Issue Joint Regulatory Plan for Biotechnology

On May 8, 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) released a plan to update, streamline, and clarify their regulations and oversight mechanisms for products of biotechnology. The Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology: Plan for Regulatory Reform under the Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology (the Plan) provides a roadmap for actions the agencies will take,...
April 9, 2024

FDA Reports That No Asbestos Was Detected in Its 2023 Testing of Talc-Containing Cosmetic Products

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced on April 5, 2024, the results of its 2023 sampling assignment, testing talc-containing cosmetic products for the presence of asbestos. The testing was conducted using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). FDA states that “[a]sbestos was not detected in any of the 50 samples tested in 2023.” FDA states that it selected and purchased cosmetic products, and then it blinded and transferred the samples...
March 4, 2024

FDA Issues Update on Post-Market Assessments of Chemicals in the Food Supply

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Constituent Update on March 4, 2024, that updates its “List of Select Chemicals in the Food Supply Under FDA Review.” FDA states that the intent of this update is “…to provide more insight on the status of the FDA’s post-market assessments of chemicals in the food supply.” The information posted today includes many chemicals that FDA has been actively engaged in reviewing for the past several...
February 29, 2024

FDA Issues Guidance for Industry on Foods Derived from Plants Produced Using Genome Editing

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has posted a February 2024 guidance entitled “Foods Derived from Plants Produced Using Genome Editing: Guidance for Industry.” According to FDA, one purpose of the guidance is to clarify how its 1992 policy statement “Statement of Policy: Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties” (NPV policy) (57 Fed. Reg. 22984) applies to foods derived from NPVs produced using genome editing. The NPV policy provides scientific and regulatory guidance on...
November 14, 2023

USDA, EPA, and FDA Post Report on Stakeholder Comments on Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology and Plain-Language Regulatory Information

On November 13, 2023, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) posted the following documents on the Unified Website for Biotechnology Regulation: As reported in our September 13, 2022, blog item, on September 12, 2022, President Joseph Biden signed an Executive Order creating a National Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Initiative to accelerate biotechnology innovation and grow America’s...
October 12, 2023

FDA Seeks Comment on Cosmetics Direct and Forms Regarding Registration of Cosmetic Product Facility and Cosmetic Product Listing

On September 15, 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it is seeking comment on its newly developed draft electronic submission portal (Cosmetics Direct) and paper forms (Forms FDA 5066 and 5067). The submission portal and paper forms are part of FDA’s implementation of the new registration and listing requirements mandated by the Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA). FDA has provided screenshots of the draft electronic system, draft Form...
October 5, 2023

CRS Overview of Cell-Cultivated Meat Includes Policy Considerations for Congress

On September 19, 2023, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) published a report providing an overview of cell-cultivated meat. The report provides an overview of the science of cell-cultivated meat, the industry, the regulatory framework for cell-cultivated meat products, congressional interests, and potential policy considerations. CRS states that cell-cultivated meat is developed in a lab, grown from a sample of animal cells that does not require the slaughter of animals. Developing...
September 29, 2023

FDA Will Hold 2023 NanoDay Symposium on Continuous Manufacturing of Nanomaterials

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will hold a virtual 2023 NanoDay symposium on October 11, 2023, on the continuous manufacturing of nanomaterials. In the symposium, FDA will provide an overview of Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) experience with approving several solid oral drug products that benefited from the continuous manufacturing technologies. FDA states that it will also provide case studies of intramural and extramural research in the areas of nanomaterials and...
August 23, 2023

CRS Updates Report on USDA’s SECURE Rule to Regulate Agricultural Biotechnology

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) published an updated report on August 4, 2023, on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Sustainable, Ecological, Consistent, Uniform, Responsible, Efficient (SECURE) rule. The revisions note that USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) five-year Strategic Plan for fiscal years (FY) 2023-2027 states that “one of its objectives is to ensure the safe development of agricultural biotechnology products using a...
May 10, 2023

NNI Announces Webinars on U.S. Government Activities Addressing Micro- and Nanoplastic Issues

The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) will hold two public webinars providing an overview of the key activities of U.S. government agencies in tackling the challenge of plastic waste in the environment. NNI states that the plastic waste issue includes more than just solid waste accumulation. According to NNI, the breakdown of bulk plastics to micro- and nanoscale particles in the environment “has further challenged efforts to understand the potential human and environmental impacts of...
May 4, 2023

FDA Seeks Comment on Request to Revoke the Color Additive Listing for Use of Titanium Dioxide in Food

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced on May 3, 2023, that it has filed a color additive petition (CAP 3C0325), submitted by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), the Center for Environmental Health (CEH), the Center for Food Safety (CFS), the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), and the Environmental Working Group (EWG). 88 Fed. Reg. 27818. The petition proposes that FDA repeal the color additive regulation for titanium dioxide in 21 C.F.R....
May 3, 2023

APHIS Releases New Strategic Plan for 2023-2027, Includes Biotechnology Objectives

By Lynn L. Bergeson and Carla N. Hutton   On April 25, 2023, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced that it published a new five-year strategic plan. According to APHIS, it incorporates input it received from stakeholders on the strategic framework, a summarized version of the plan that it published in June 2022. The plan includes six strategic goals that focus on working to: Protect agriculture from...
March 6, 2023

EPA Announces Both EPA and FDA to Conduct Virtual Public Meeting and Request Comments on Modernizing Their Approach to Oversight of Certain Products

On February 22, 2023, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP) announced that it will co-host a virtual public meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) on March 22, 2023. As stated in our February 17, 2023, blog, EPA and FDA are considering how best to update their respective oversight responsibilities for specific products in an efficient and...
February 17, 2023

EPA Announces Both EPA and FDA Seek Public Input on Modernizing Their Approach to Oversight of Certain Products

On February 15, 2023, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) announced plans to seek public input on the best approaches for updating their respective oversight responsibilities for specific products. EPA states the goal is to determine responsibilities in an efficient and transparent manner and in alignment with each agency’s...
October 20, 2022

Register Now For “Food Safety Issues In The United States” Webinar

October 26, 202212:00 p.m. – 1:00 p.m. (EDT) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports that 48 million people in the United States (1 in 6) get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die each year from foodborne diseases. In 2011, President Obama signed into law the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) in part to address this significant public health issue. FSMA is a comprehensive law intended to shift the focus of foodborne illness...
August 20, 2022

EPA Collaborates with Unilever to Advance Non-Animal Approaches for Chemical Risk Assessment

On August 19, 2021, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a collaborative agreement with Unilever to explore better ways to assess chemical risks associated with consumer products. According to EPA, this agreement builds on prior cooperation between EPA and Unilever regarding New Approach Methods (NAM), “which are a promising alternative to conventional toxicity testing that are intended to reduce reliance on the use of animals.” EPA states that the collaboration...
June 21, 2022

FDA Publishes RFI on Fluorinated Polyethylene Containers for Food Contact Use

On July 20, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a request for information (RFI) to obtain data and information on the use of fluorinated polyethylene for food contact applications. 87 Fed. Reg. 43274. FDA states that it is seeking scientific data and information on current food contact uses of fluorinated polyethylene, consumer dietary exposure that may result from those uses, and the safety of certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that may migrate from...
February 16, 2022

Registration Opens for NanoEHS Webinar on “What We Know about NanoEHS: Building International Bridges”

The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) will hold a webinar on “What We Know about NanoEHS: Building International Bridges” on March 1, 2022. NNI states that it has supported the emergence of an international community of collaborative researchers on the environmental, health, and safety aspects of nanomaterials (nanoEHS). According to NNI, “[b]y advancing tools, methods, and standards for robust health and safety evaluation, these cooperative efforts have furthered the safe and...
October 21, 2021

FDA Announces Withdrawal of Temporary Guidance Documents Concerning Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Products

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Federal Register notice on October 13, 2021, announcing the withdrawal of three guidance documents: “Temporary Policy for Preparation of Certain Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Products During the Public Health Emergency (COVID-19)”; “Policy for Temporary Compounding of Certain Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Products During the Public Health Emergency”; and “Temporary Policy for Manufacture of Alcohol for Incorporation Into...
September 28, 2021

FDA Issues Revised Final Guidance On Biosimilar Development And The BPCI Act

By Lynn L. Bergeson  On September 20, 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the availability of its revised final guidance for industry on biosimilar development and the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCI Act). Titled “Questions and Answers on Biosimilar Development and the BPCI Act,” the revised guidance aims to inform prospective applicants and facilitate the development of proposed biosimilars and proposed interchangeable...
March 30, 2021

SOT FDA Colloquia Series Will Include Webcast on the Toxicology of Nanoparticles

The Society of Toxicology (SOT) in conjunction with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) have partnered to provide a colloquia series on Emerging Toxicological Science:  Challenges in Food and Ingredient Safety.  The colloquia will present scientific information that is high-quality, cutting-edge, future-oriented toxicological science and is intended to provide a well-grounded foundation to inform the work of FDA...
January 5, 2021

Drug Facility Fees Will Not Apply to Distilleries Producing Hand Sanitizer

Last week, press reported that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would assess distilleries making hand sanitizer $14,060 in fees as Monograph Drug Facilities (MDF) under the Over-the-Counter (OTC) Monograph Drug user fee program for fiscal year (FY) 2021.  Several days later, on December 31, 2020, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Public Affairs tweeted a statement from Brian Harrison, HHS Chief of Staff.  According to the...
November 12, 2020

Explanatory Statement for EPA Appropriations Bill Directs EPA Administrator to Involve FDA in NanoEHS Research

On November 10, 2020, the Senate Committee on Appropriations released 12 fiscal year (FY) 2021 appropriations bills and explanatory statements.  The bill for the Department of the Interior, environment, and related agencies includes funding for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  The explanatory statement for the bill includes language regarding nanomaterials research at EPA and states: The Committee notes the increased capabilities that the Food and...
November 6, 2020

FDA Requests Comments On Reauthorization Of BsUFA

By Lynn L. Bergeson On October 30, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it will host a virtual public meeting on the reauthorization of the Biosimilar User Fee Act (BsUFA) for fiscal years 2023 through 2027. Under BsUFA, FDA collects user fees to support its process for the review of biosimilar and biological products and the current legislative authority is set to expire in September 2022. At the aforementioned time, new legislation...
October 6, 2020

FDA Will Hold NanoDay Virtual Research Symposium on October 9

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Nanotechnology Task Force is celebrating NanoDay on October 9, 2020, by hosting a virtual research symposium to showcase more than a decade of progress and innovation in nanotechnology at FDA.  The agenda lists the following presentations: Registration is now open....
August 10, 2020

FDA Publishes Report on Nanotechnology — Over a Decade of Progress and Innovation, Will Hold Webinar on August 13

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a report entitled Nanotechnology — Over a Decade of Progress and Innovation that highlights FDA’s advancements in the field of nanotechnology since it released its last report in 2007.  The report also reviews FDA’s role in advancing the public health through its regulation of products within its jurisdiction that involve the application of nanotechnology.  According to the report, FDA “will rely on a combination...
August 7, 2020

FDA DHHS Announces 2021 Biosimilar User Fee Rates

By Lynn L. Bergeson  On August 4, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) announced the rates for biosimilar user fees for fiscal year (FY) 2021. The fees assessed are used by FDA for certain activities in connection with biosimilar biological product development, review of applications for approval of biosimilar biological products, and approval of product applications. The established fees will apply from October 1, 2020, through...
June 5, 2020

Workshop On Bioanalysis To Be Held By FDA

By Lynn L. Bergeson On June 30, 2020, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (EDT),the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will host a free regulatory training for industry on bioanalysis requirements and expectations. Focused on how FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) approaches various issues in bioanalysis, the workshop aims to provide participants with a better understanding of how FDA performs bioanalysis. Topics to be covered, among others, include: Bioanalytical method...
May 15, 2020

Purple Book Database Of Biological Products Updated By FDA

By Lynn L. Bergeson On May 12, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the release of an update to its Purple Book: Database of FDA-Licensed Biological Products (Purple Book). The update adds all FDA-licensed biological products, including products approved in the new drug applications (NDAs) that were deemed to be licenses (transition biological products). This update also includes a new feature allowing users to download reports. Historical reports now include highlighted...
May 7, 2020

U.S. District Court Issues Temporary Restraining Order for Silver Products Fraudulently Promoted as a Treatment for COVID-19

On April 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah issued a temporary restraining order (TRO) to halt the sale of a fraudulent coronavirus (COVID-19) treatment.  The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the court’s decision in an effort to halt the sale of silver products fraudulently claimed to prevent and cure COVID-19. DOJ filed a civil complaint on April 27, 2020, against defendants Gordon Pedersen of Cedar Hills, Utah and his companies, My...
April 17, 2020

FDA Requests Comments On Product User Fee Programs

By Lynn L. Bergeson and Ligia Duarte Botelho, M.A. On April 6, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a report that provides options and recommendations for a new methodology to evaluate changes in resource capacity needs of human drug and biosimilar biologic review programs. Titled “Independent Evaluation of the PDUFA and BsUFA Resource Capacity Planning Adjustment Methodology: Evaluation and Recommendations,” the analysis of the methodology was reviewed by an...
March 11, 2020

FTC and FDA Send Warning Letters to Seven Companies about Unsupported Claims that Products Can Treat or Prevent Coronavirus

On March 10, 2020, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that warning letters were sent to seven companies for allegedly selling unapproved products that may violate federal law by making deceptive or scientifically unsupported claims about their ability to treat coronavirus (COVID-19).  The warning letters are the first issued by the Agencies alleging unapproved and/or unsupported claims that products can treat or prevent...
March 6, 2020

FDA Requests Comments On Its Licensed Biological Products Database

By Lynn L. Bergeson and Ligia Duarte Botelho, M.A. On March 5, 2020, FDA opened a public docket for comments on its enhancement of the Purple Book, which is otherwise known as FDA’s “Database of FDA-Licensed Biological Products.” As reported in B&C’s biobased products blog on February 28, 2020, FDA is working to expand the Purple Book by transitioning from its current table list format to a searchable online database for all approved biosimilar products...
March 6, 2020

Guidance On Biological Product Transition Issued By FDA

By Lynn L. Bergeson and Ligia Duarte Botelho, M.A. On March 4, 2020, FDA announced that it has issued in final a guidance for industry titled “The ‘Deemed to be a License’ Provision of the BPCI Act: Questions and Answers,” which addresses FDA’s “transition” provision of the BPCI Act. Established in 2009, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCI Act) deemed applications for an approved biological product under Section 505 of the Federal...
March 6, 2020

FDA Announces Educational Initiative To Inform Consumers Of GE Foods

By Lynn L. Bergeson and Ligia Duarte Botelho, M.A. On March 4, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in collaboration with EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), launched a new initiative called “Feed Your Mind” to help consumers better understand genetically engineered (GE) foods. Consisting of science-based information, the initiative’s features include a wide range of resources designed to teach consumers, health care professionals, and students...
February 28, 2020

FDA Upgrades Its Database Of Licensed Biological Products

By Lynn L. Bergeson On February 24, 2020, FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, M.D., announced that FDA is upgrading its Purple Book, which is otherwise known as its “Database of FDA-Licensed Biological Products.” According to Dr. Hahn, FDA is working to expand the Purple Book by transitioning from its current list format to a searchable online database for all approved biosimilar products and their reference products. An upgrade planned to be released in multiple phases,...
February 28, 2020

FDA Issues Final Rule Amending The Definition Of “Biological Product”

By Lynn L. Bergeson On February 21, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final rule to amend its regulation that defines “biological product.” The new definition incorporates changes made by the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCI Act) and the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (FCA Act). Under the final rule, the statutory term “protein” is interpreted to mean any alpha amino acid polymer with a specific, defined...
February 7, 2020

FDA/FTC To Host Public Workshop On Biosimilars’ Competitive Market

By Lynn L. Bergeson On March 9, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in collaboration with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), will host a public workshop titled “FDA/FTC Workshop on a Competitive Marketplace for Biosimilars.” The focus of the workshop will be on FDA and FTC’s collaborative efforts to support appropriate adoption of biosimilars, deter anticompetitive behaviors in the biologic marketplace, and discourage false or misleading statements about...
February 3, 2020

NTP Board of Scientific Counselors Will Discuss Human Exposure to Nanoplastics and Microplastics

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) published a Federal Register notice on January 31, 2020, announcing that the Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC) will meet on February 21, 2020.  During the meeting, BSC will review and provide advice on programmatic activities.  According to the preliminary agenda for the meeting, the meeting will include a presentation by Dr. Anil Patri, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research,...
January 14, 2020

New Joint Website on Agricultural Biotechnology Products Launched by EPA, USDA, and FDA

On January 9, 2020, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) announced the launch of a new website created in coordination with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that provides information about actions the federal government is taking to oversee the development of agricultural biotechnology products.  This “one-stop-shop” website was created under the direction of Executive Order...
January 10, 2020

USDA, FDA, And EPA Announce Unified Website On Biotechnology

By Lynn L. Bergeson On January 9, 2020, also in recognition of National Biotechnology Month, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced the launch of a unified website for biotechnology regulation. Streamlining information about the three agencies in charge of overseeing agriculture biotechnology products, this website comes, in part, to fulfill President Trump’s Executive Order (EO)...
November 22, 2019

FDA Acting Director Of Therapeutic Biologics And Biosimilars Provides Statement On Continued Efforts

By Lynn L. Bergeson On November 15, 2019, Sarah Yim, M.D., acting director of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Therapeutic Biologics and Biosimilars in FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, released a statement on FDA’s continued progress facilitating competition in the biologic marketplace with approval of its 25th biosimilar project. In her statement, Dr. Yim highlights FDA’s approval of one of nine new biosimilar products approved in 2019. Bringing...
October 11, 2019

FDA Publishes Technical Specifications Guidance For Bioanalytical Methods Templates

By Lynn L. Bergeson On October 3, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that a technical guidance for industry titled “Bioanalytical Methods Templates” is now available.  The technical specifications guidance provides ready-to-use templates for sponsors to submit summaries of bioanalytical methods used in clinical pharmacology studies that require pharmacokinetic concentration evaluation.  The templates provided are applicable to bioanalytical...